UK drinking guidelines suggest that there is no entirely safe level of alcohol consumption. To minimise health risks, it is recommended that both men and women do not exceed 14 units of alcohol per week. It is also advisable to spread this consumption evenly over three or more days rather than engaging in binge drinking. Additionally, aiming for at least two alcohol-free days each week can provide significant health benefits.

The short- and long-term effects of alcohol are profound. Small amounts can impair important functions such as speech and movement. Medium-term effects include slowed reactions and impaired memory, while long-term consumption can lead to serious mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and memory problems. Alcohol is a depressant, and although it might temporarily boost mood, it often leads to long-term psychological issues.

The heart is particularly vulnerable to the effects of alcohol. Drinking large amounts at once can dangerously slow the heart rate and breathing. Chronic excessive drinking is linked to high blood pressure, which increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The liver, too, suffers from long-term alcohol use, leading to conditions such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

Beyond the internal damage, alcohol can negatively affect social well-being, contributing to poor sleep, decreased performance at work, and neglected responsibilities at home. Regular consumption also contributes to weight gain and obesity due to the high calorie content of alcoholic drinks.